diff --git a/api/app.py b/api/app.py
index 5d0303c..39d7d1f 100644
--- a/api/app.py
+++ b/api/app.py
@@ -907,13 +907,18 @@ def connectivity_apply_routes():
 
 @app.route('/api/connectivity/peers/<peer_name>/exit', methods=['PUT'])
 def connectivity_set_peer_exit(peer_name: str):
-    """Assign a peer to an egress exit type."""
+    """Assign a peer to a connection by id (or 'default' to clear).
+
+    Body: {"connection_id": "<id>|default"}. The legacy {"exit_via": "<type>"}
+    field is still accepted as a one-release back-compat shim and resolved to
+    the single connection instance of that type.
+    """
     try:
         data = request.get_json(silent=True) or {}
-        exit_via = data.get('exit_via')
-        if not isinstance(exit_via, str):
-            return jsonify({'ok': False, 'error': 'exit_via is required'}), 400
-        result = connectivity_manager.set_peer_exit(peer_name, exit_via)
+        connection_id = data.get('connection_id', data.get('exit_via'))
+        if not isinstance(connection_id, str) or not connection_id:
+            return jsonify({'ok': False, 'error': 'connection_id is required'}), 400
+        result = connectivity_manager.set_peer_exit(peer_name, connection_id)
         if result.get('ok'):
             return jsonify(result)
         return jsonify(result), 400
@@ -995,13 +1000,18 @@ def egress_status():
 
 @app.route('/api/egress/services/<service_id>/exit', methods=['PUT'])
 def egress_set_service_exit(service_id: str):
-    """Persist and immediately apply a per-service egress override."""
+    """Persist and immediately apply a per-service egress override.
+
+    Body: {"connection_id": "<id>|default"}. The legacy {"exit_type": "<type>"}
+    field is still accepted as a one-release back-compat shim and resolved to
+    the single connection instance of that type.
+    """
     try:
         data = request.get_json(silent=True) or {}
-        exit_type = data.get('exit_type')
-        if not isinstance(exit_type, str):
-            return jsonify({'ok': False, 'error': 'exit_type is required'}), 400
-        result = egress_manager.set_service_exit(service_id, exit_type)
+        connection_id = data.get('connection_id', data.get('exit_type'))
+        if not isinstance(connection_id, str) or not connection_id:
+            return jsonify({'ok': False, 'error': 'connection_id is required'}), 400
+        result = egress_manager.set_service_exit(service_id, connection_id)
         if result.get('ok'):
             return jsonify(result)
         return jsonify(result), 400
diff --git a/api/connectivity_manager.py b/api/connectivity_manager.py
index 3632d4d..1fb278d 100644
--- a/api/connectivity_manager.py
+++ b/api/connectivity_manager.py
@@ -357,14 +357,16 @@ class ConnectivityManager(BaseServiceManager):
             logger.warning(f"get_peer_exits: {e}")
         return out
 
-    def set_peer_exit(self, peer_name: str, exit_type: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
-        """Assign a peer to an egress path and apply the rule changes."""
-        if exit_type not in self.EXIT_TYPES:
-            return {
-                'ok': False,
-                'error': f"invalid exit_type {exit_type!r}; "
-                         f"must be one of {self.EXIT_TYPES}",
-            }
+    def set_peer_exit(self, peer_name: str, exit_via: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Assign a peer to a connection (by id) or 'default' and apply rules.
+
+        `exit_via` is a connection id, 'default', or — as a one-release
+        back-compat shim — a legacy exit *type* string, which is resolved to
+        the single connection instance of that type. Validation that the id
+        exists lives in peer_registry.set_peer_exit_via.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(exit_via, str) or not exit_via:
+            return {'ok': False, 'error': 'connection_id is required'}
         if not isinstance(peer_name, str) or not re.match(r'^[A-Za-z0-9_.-]{1,64}$', peer_name):
             return {'ok': False, 'error': f'invalid peer_name {peer_name!r}'}
 
@@ -372,11 +374,16 @@ class ConnectivityManager(BaseServiceManager):
             return {'ok': False, 'error': 'peer_registry not available'}
 
         try:
-            ok = self.peer_registry.set_peer_exit_via(peer_name, exit_type)
+            ok = self.peer_registry.set_peer_exit_via(peer_name, exit_via)
         except Exception as e:
             logger.error(f"set_peer_exit: registry update failed: {e}")
             return {'ok': False, 'error': str(e)}
         if not ok:
+            # Distinguish "no such peer" from "no such connection".
+            if self._peer_exists(peer_name):
+                return {'ok': False, 'error':
+                        f'unknown connection {exit_via!r}; '
+                        f"must be a connection id or 'default'"}
             return {'ok': False, 'error': f'peer {peer_name!r} not found'}
 
         try:
@@ -384,7 +391,23 @@ class ConnectivityManager(BaseServiceManager):
         except Exception as e:
             logger.warning(f"set_peer_exit: apply_routes failed (non-fatal): {e}")
 
-        return {'ok': True, 'peer': peer_name, 'exit_via': exit_type}
+        resolved = 'default'
+        try:
+            peer = self.peer_registry.get_peer(peer_name)
+            if peer:
+                resolved = peer.get('exit_via', 'default')
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        return {'ok': True, 'peer': peer_name, 'exit_via': resolved}
+
+    def _peer_exists(self, peer_name: str) -> bool:
+        """True when a peer with this name is registered."""
+        if self.peer_registry is None:
+            return False
+        try:
+            return self.peer_registry.get_peer(peer_name) is not None
+        except Exception:
+            return False
 
     def upload_wireguard_ext(self, conf_text: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         """Validate and store an external WireGuard config."""
@@ -1121,17 +1144,26 @@ class ConnectivityManager(BaseServiceManager):
     def _connection_reference(self, conn_id: str) -> Optional[str]:
         """Return a human description if a peer/egress references this connection.
 
-        Phase 2 wires peers/egress to connection ids; until then nothing
-        references a connection, so this returns None. Kept as the single
-        choke-point so phase 2 only has to fill in the lookups here.
+        A peer references a connection through its exit_via field (a connection
+        id); a service references one through the egress_overrides map. Either
+        blocks deletion until the reference is detached.
         """
         if self.peer_registry is not None:
             try:
                 for peer in self.peer_registry.list_peers():
-                    if peer.get('connection_id') == conn_id:
+                    if peer.get('exit_via') == conn_id:
                         return f"peer {peer.get('peer')!r}"
             except Exception as e:
                 logger.debug(f"_connection_reference (peers): {e}")
+        if self.config_manager is not None:
+            try:
+                overrides = self.config_manager.configs.get('egress_overrides')
+                if isinstance(overrides, dict):
+                    for svc_id, cid in overrides.items():
+                        if cid == conn_id:
+                            return f"service {svc_id!r}"
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.debug(f"_connection_reference (egress): {e}")
         return None
 
     def list_connections(self) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
@@ -1303,7 +1335,14 @@ class ConnectivityManager(BaseServiceManager):
     # ── Routing application ───────────────────────────────────────────────
 
     def apply_routes(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
-        """Idempotently rebuild all connectivity rules and policy routing."""
+        """Idempotently rebuild all connectivity rules and policy routing.
+
+        Connectivity v2: routing is driven by connection *instances*, not by
+        per-type constants. Each connection carries its own persisted mark,
+        table, iface and redirect_port; two instances of the same type route
+        through distinct tables/marks without collision. A peer's exit_via is
+        the id of the connection it egresses through.
+        """
         rules_applied = 0
 
         try:
@@ -1319,18 +1358,23 @@ class ConnectivityManager(BaseServiceManager):
             except Exception as e:
                 logger.warning(f"apply_routes: flush {table}/{chain} failed: {e}")
 
-        # Idempotent ip rule registration for each non-default exit
-        for exit_type in self.MARKS:
-            mark = self.MARKS[exit_type]
-            table = self.TABLES[exit_type]
+        connections = self._routing_connections()
+
+        # Idempotent ip rule registration: one fwmark→table rule per instance.
+        for conn in connections:
+            mark, table = conn.get('mark'), conn.get('table')
+            if not isinstance(mark, int) or not isinstance(table, int):
+                continue
             try:
                 self._remove_ip_rule(mark, table)
                 self._add_ip_rule(mark, table)
                 rules_applied += 1
             except Exception as e:
-                logger.warning(f"apply_routes: ip rule {exit_type} failed: {e}")
+                logger.warning(
+                    f"apply_routes: ip rule {conn.get('id')} failed: {e}")
 
-        # Per-peer marking + nat redirect (Tor only)
+        # Per-peer marking + nat redirect, resolved through each peer's
+        # connection instance.
         if self.peer_registry is not None:
             try:
                 peers = self.peer_registry.list_peers()
@@ -1338,45 +1382,82 @@ class ConnectivityManager(BaseServiceManager):
                 logger.warning(f"apply_routes: list_peers failed: {e}")
                 peers = []
 
+            by_id = {c.get('id'): c for c in connections}
             for peer in peers:
-                exit_via = peer.get('exit_via', 'default')
-                if exit_via == 'default' or exit_via not in self.MARKS:
+                conn = self._resolve_peer_connection(peer, by_id)
+                if conn is None:
                     continue
                 src_ip = self._peer_source_ip(peer.get('peer', ''))
                 if not src_ip:
                     continue
-                mark = self.MARKS[exit_via]
-                try:
-                    self._add_mark_rule(src_ip, mark)
-                    rules_applied += 1
-                except Exception as e:
-                    logger.warning(
-                        f"apply_routes: mark rule for {src_ip}/{exit_via}: {e}"
-                    )
-
-                # Tor / sshuttle / proxy: redirect TCP to the local
-                # transparent-proxy port for that exit.
-                if exit_via in self.REDIRECT_PORTS:
-                    try:
-                        self._add_redirect(src_ip, self.REDIRECT_PORTS[exit_via])
-                        rules_applied += 1
-                    except Exception as e:
-                        logger.warning(
-                            f"apply_routes: {exit_via} redirect for {src_ip}: {e}"
-                        )
+                rules_applied += self._apply_connection_for_src(src_ip, conn)
 
         # Kill-switch: drop marked packets that would otherwise leak via the
-        # default route if the exit interface is down.
-        for exit_type, iface in self.IFACES.items():
-            mark = self.MARKS[exit_type]
+        # default route if an iface-based exit interface is down.
+        for conn in connections:
+            iface = conn.get('iface')
+            mark = conn.get('mark')
+            if not iface or not isinstance(mark, int):
+                continue
             try:
                 self._add_killswitch(mark, iface)
                 rules_applied += 1
             except Exception as e:
-                logger.warning(f"apply_routes: killswitch {exit_type}: {e}")
+                logger.warning(
+                    f"apply_routes: killswitch {conn.get('id')}: {e}")
 
         return {'ok': True, 'rules_applied': rules_applied}
 
+    def _routing_connections(self) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        """Return the connection instances that drive routing (enabled only)."""
+        if self.config_manager is None:
+            return []
+        try:
+            conns = self.config_manager.list_connections()
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.warning(f"apply_routes: list_connections failed: {e}")
+            return []
+        return [c for c in conns if c.get('enabled', True)]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _resolve_peer_connection(
+        peer: Dict[str, Any], by_id: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]],
+    ) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        """Resolve a peer's exit_via (a connection id) to its connection record."""
+        exit_via = peer.get('exit_via', 'default')
+        if exit_via == 'default':
+            return None
+        return by_id.get(exit_via)
+
+    def _apply_connection_for_src(
+        self, src_ip: str, conn: Dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> int:
+        """Mark + optionally REDIRECT traffic from src_ip via this connection.
+
+        Returns the number of rules applied. iface-based connections only need
+        the fwmark (policy route + killswitch handle egress); redirect-style
+        connections additionally REDIRECT TCP to the instance's redirect_port.
+        """
+        applied = 0
+        mark = conn.get('mark')
+        if isinstance(mark, int):
+            try:
+                self._add_mark_rule(src_ip, mark)
+                applied += 1
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.warning(
+                    f"apply_routes: mark rule for {src_ip}/{conn.get('id')}: {e}")
+
+        redirect_port = conn.get('redirect_port')
+        if conn.get('type') in self.REDIRECT_TYPES and isinstance(redirect_port, int):
+            try:
+                self._add_redirect(src_ip, redirect_port)
+                applied += 1
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.warning(
+                    f"apply_routes: redirect for {src_ip}/{conn.get('id')}: {e}")
+        return applied
+
     # ── iptables / ip rule helpers ────────────────────────────────────────
 
     def _wg_iptables(self, args: List[str], timeout: int = 10) -> subprocess.CompletedProcess:
diff --git a/api/egress_manager.py b/api/egress_manager.py
index 8ca8389..dc8f519 100644
--- a/api/egress_manager.py
+++ b/api/egress_manager.py
@@ -9,8 +9,13 @@ for install/remove lifecycle hooks.
 
 Rules live on the HOST in PIC_EGRESS chains in the mangle and nat
 tables. Container IPs are discovered via docker inspect using the
-container_name from the service manifest. Marks are distinct from
-ConnectivityManager to prevent rule collisions.
+container_name from the service manifest.
+
+Connectivity v2: a service routes through a *connection instance* (by id),
+sharing the same fwmark / routing table / redirect port as any peer that
+egresses through the same connection. The (mark, table, redirect_port) for a
+service are resolved from ConnectivityManager.get_connection(id) — EgressManager
+no longer owns its own per-type MARKS/TABLES tables.
 """
 import logging
 import subprocess
@@ -19,34 +24,18 @@ from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-EXIT_TYPES = ("default", "wireguard_ext", "openvpn", "tor", "sshuttle", "proxy")
-
-# fwmark values — must not collide with ConnectivityManager
-# (0x10, 0x20, 0x30, 0x40, 0x50)
-MARKS = {"wireguard_ext": 0x110, "openvpn": 0x120, "tor": 0x130,
-         "sshuttle": 0x140, "proxy": 0x150}
-
-# Policy routing table IDs
-TABLES = {"wireguard_ext": 210, "openvpn": 220, "tor": 230,
-          "sshuttle": 240, "proxy": 250}
-
 EGRESS_CHAIN = "PIC_EGRESS"
 
-# Transparent proxy port used by Tor
-_TOR_TRANS_PORT = 9040
-
-# Local transparent-proxy ports for redirect-style exits (no exit iface):
-# traffic is REDIRECTed to the listener of the corresponding exit container.
-_REDIRECT_PORTS = {"tor": _TOR_TRANS_PORT, "sshuttle": 12300, "proxy": 12345}
-
 
 class EgressManager:
     """Per-service egress enforcement via host iptables fwmark policy-routing."""
 
     def __init__(self, config_manager, service_store_manager=None,
+                 connectivity_manager=None,
                  data_dir: str = "/app/data", config_dir: str = "/app/config"):
         self.config_manager = config_manager
         self.service_store_manager = service_store_manager
+        self.connectivity_manager = connectivity_manager
         self._data_dir = data_dir
         self._config_dir = config_dir
 
@@ -60,9 +49,10 @@ class EgressManager:
         2. clear_service first (ensures idempotency).
         3. If the manifest has no egress block, skip silently.
         4. Discover the container IP.
-        5. Resolve the exit type (override > manifest default > 'default').
-        6. If exit is 'default', return early with no rules.
-        7. Otherwise create chains, ensure ip rules, add mark rules.
+        5. Resolve the connection id (override > manifest default > 'default').
+        6. If 'default', return early with no rules.
+        7. Otherwise resolve the connection's (mark, table, redirect_port),
+           create chains, ensure ip rules, add mark/redirect rules.
         """
         manifest = self._get_manifest(service_id)
         if manifest is None:
@@ -79,36 +69,39 @@ class EgressManager:
         if not container_ip:
             return {'ok': False, 'error': 'container IP not discoverable'}
 
-        exit_via = self._resolve_exit(service_id, manifest)
+        connection_id = self._resolve_exit(service_id, manifest)
 
-        # Validate exit_via is a known, non-default value
-        if exit_via not in EXIT_TYPES:
-            return {
-                'ok': False,
-                'error': f'unknown exit_via {exit_via!r}; must be one of {EXIT_TYPES}',
-            }
-
-        if exit_via == 'default':
+        if connection_id == 'default':
             return {'ok': True, 'exit_via': 'default'}
 
-        if exit_via not in MARKS:
+        conn = self._get_connection(connection_id)
+        if conn is None:
             return {
                 'ok': False,
-                'error': f'unknown exit_via {exit_via!r}; must be one of {EXIT_TYPES}',
+                'error': f'unknown connection {connection_id!r}',
+            }
+
+        mark = conn.get('mark')
+        table = conn.get('table')
+        if not isinstance(mark, int) or not isinstance(table, int):
+            return {
+                'ok': False,
+                'error': f'connection {connection_id!r} has no routing resources',
             }
 
         try:
             self._ensure_chains()
-            self._ensure_host_ip_rules()
-            self._add_mark_rule(container_ip, MARKS[exit_via], service_id)
-            if exit_via in _REDIRECT_PORTS:
-                self._add_redirect(container_ip, _REDIRECT_PORTS[exit_via],
-                                   service_id)
+            self._ensure_host_ip_rule(mark, table)
+            self._add_mark_rule(container_ip, mark, service_id)
+            redirect_port = conn.get('redirect_port')
+            if isinstance(redirect_port, int):
+                self._add_redirect(container_ip, redirect_port, service_id)
         except Exception as exc:
             logger.error('apply_service(%s): %s', service_id, exc)
             return {'ok': False, 'error': str(exc)}
 
-        return {'ok': True, 'exit_via': exit_via, 'container_ip': container_ip}
+        return {'ok': True, 'exit_via': connection_id,
+                'container_ip': container_ip}
 
     def clear_service(self, service_id: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         """Remove all PIC_EGRESS rules tagged for this service."""
@@ -129,10 +122,13 @@ class EgressManager:
             results[svc_id] = self.apply_service(svc_id)
         return {'ok': True, 'services': results}
 
-    def set_service_exit(self, service_id: str, exit_type: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
-        """Persist a per-service egress override and immediately reapply rules.
+    def set_service_exit(self, service_id: str, connection_id: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Persist a per-service egress override (by connection id) and reapply.
 
-        exit_type must appear in the manifest's egress.allowed list.
+        `connection_id` is a real connection id or 'default'. A legacy exit
+        *type* string is accepted as a one-release back-compat shim and resolved
+        to the single connection instance of that type. The resolved
+        connection's type must be in the manifest's egress.allowed list.
         """
         manifest = self._get_manifest(service_id)
         if manifest is None:
@@ -141,31 +137,91 @@ class EgressManager:
         if not self._has_egress(manifest):
             return {'ok': False, 'error': f'service {service_id!r} has no egress configuration'}
 
+        if connection_id == 'default':
+            overrides = self._get_egress_overrides()
+            overrides[service_id] = 'default'
+            self._set_egress_overrides(overrides)
+            return self.apply_service(service_id)
+
+        resolved = self._resolve_connection_id(connection_id)
+        if resolved is None:
+            return {
+                'ok': False,
+                'error': f"unknown connection {connection_id!r}; "
+                         f"must be a connection id or 'default'",
+            }
+
+        conn = self._get_connection(resolved)
         egress = manifest.get('egress', {})
-        allowed = egress.get('allowed', list(EXIT_TYPES))
-
-        if exit_type not in allowed:
-            return {
-                'ok': False,
-                'error': (
-                    f'exit_type {exit_type!r} is not in the allowed list '
-                    f'for {service_id}: {allowed}'
-                ),
-            }
-
-        if exit_type not in EXIT_TYPES:
-            return {
-                'ok': False,
-                'error': f'unknown exit_type {exit_type!r}; must be one of {EXIT_TYPES}',
-            }
+        allowed = egress.get('allowed')
+        if isinstance(allowed, list) and conn is not None:
+            if conn.get('type') not in allowed:
+                return {
+                    'ok': False,
+                    'error': (
+                        f"connection type {conn.get('type')!r} is not in the "
+                        f'allowed list for {service_id}: {allowed}'
+                    ),
+                }
 
         # Persist the override so it survives restarts
         overrides = self._get_egress_overrides()
-        overrides[service_id] = exit_type
+        overrides[service_id] = resolved
         self._set_egress_overrides(overrides)
 
         return self.apply_service(service_id)
 
+    def _connections(self) -> List[dict]:
+        """Return the v2 connection records, or [] when unavailable."""
+        if self.connectivity_manager is not None:
+            try:
+                conns = self.connectivity_manager.list_connections()
+                return conns if isinstance(conns, list) else []
+            except Exception as exc:
+                logger.warning('egress: list_connections failed: %s', exc)
+                return []
+        if self.config_manager is not None:
+            try:
+                conns = self.config_manager.list_connections()
+                return conns if isinstance(conns, list) else []
+            except Exception as exc:
+                logger.warning('egress: list_connections failed: %s', exc)
+        return []
+
+    def _get_connection(self, connection_id: str) -> Optional[dict]:
+        """Resolve a connection record (with mark/table/redirect_port) by id."""
+        if self.connectivity_manager is not None:
+            try:
+                return self.connectivity_manager.get_connection(connection_id)
+            except Exception as exc:
+                logger.warning('egress: get_connection failed: %s', exc)
+                return None
+        if self.config_manager is not None:
+            try:
+                return self.config_manager.get_connection(connection_id)
+            except Exception as exc:
+                logger.warning('egress: get_connection failed: %s', exc)
+        return None
+
+    _LEGACY_EXIT_TYPES = ('wireguard_ext', 'openvpn', 'tor', 'sshuttle', 'proxy')
+
+    def _resolve_connection_id(self, value: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Resolve a value to a valid connection id.
+
+        Accepts a real connection id, or — as a back-compat shim — a legacy
+        type string resolved to the single instance of that type. Returns None
+        when nothing matches.
+        """
+        conns = self._connections()
+        for c in conns:
+            if c.get('id') == value:
+                return value
+        if value in self._LEGACY_EXIT_TYPES:
+            matches = [c for c in conns if c.get('type') == value]
+            if len(matches) == 1:
+                return matches[0].get('id')
+        return None
+
     def get_status(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         """Return egress status for every installed service that has egress config."""
         installed = self.config_manager.get_installed_services()
@@ -201,15 +257,26 @@ class EgressManager:
         return bool(manifest.get('has_egress', False) and manifest.get('egress'))
 
     def _resolve_exit(self, service_id: str, manifest: dict) -> str:
-        """Determine the effective exit for a service.
+        """Determine the effective connection id for a service.
 
         Priority: persisted override > manifest egress.default > 'default'.
+        Legacy type strings (from old overrides or a manifest default) are
+        resolved to the single connection instance of that type; if that can't
+        be resolved the service falls back to 'default'.
         """
         overrides = self._get_egress_overrides()
         if service_id in overrides:
-            return overrides[service_id]
-        egress = manifest.get('egress') or {}
-        return egress.get('default', 'default')
+            value = overrides[service_id]
+        else:
+            egress = manifest.get('egress') or {}
+            value = egress.get('default', 'default')
+
+        if value == 'default':
+            return 'default'
+        if value in self._LEGACY_EXIT_TYPES:
+            resolved = self._resolve_connection_id(value)
+            return resolved if resolved is not None else 'default'
+        return value
 
     def _discover_container_ip(self, container_name: str,
                                retries: int = 5, delay: float = 0.2) -> Optional[str]:
@@ -254,16 +321,18 @@ class EgressManager:
                     ['-t', table, '-I', 'PREROUTING', '1', '-j', EGRESS_CHAIN]
                 )
 
-    def _ensure_host_ip_rules(self) -> None:
-        """Ensure `ip rule fwmark <mark> lookup <table>` exists for each exit."""
-        for exit_type, mark in MARKS.items():
-            table = TABLES[exit_type]
-            # Remove any existing duplicate rules first, then add once
-            for _ in range(8):
-                r = self._ip_rule(['del', 'fwmark', hex(mark), 'lookup', str(table)])
-                if r.returncode != 0:
-                    break
-            self._ip_rule(['add', 'fwmark', hex(mark), 'lookup', str(table)])
+    def _ensure_host_ip_rule(self, mark: int, table: int) -> None:
+        """Ensure a single `ip rule fwmark <mark> lookup <table>` exists.
+
+        Idempotent: drains any duplicate rules first, then adds exactly one.
+        The mark/table belong to the connection instance the service routes
+        through, so a peer and a service on the same connection share the rule.
+        """
+        for _ in range(8):
+            r = self._ip_rule(['del', 'fwmark', hex(mark), 'lookup', str(table)])
+            if r.returncode != 0:
+                break
+        self._ip_rule(['add', 'fwmark', hex(mark), 'lookup', str(table)])
 
     def _add_mark_rule(self, service_ip: str, mark: int, service_id: str) -> None:
         """Mark outbound packets from the service container with fwmark."""
@@ -283,10 +352,6 @@ class EgressManager:
             '-m', 'comment', '--comment', self._tag(service_id),
         ])
 
-    def _add_tor_redirect(self, service_ip: str, service_id: str) -> None:
-        """Redirect the service container's TCP traffic to the local Tor TransPort."""
-        self._add_redirect(service_ip, _TOR_TRANS_PORT, service_id)
-
     def _clear_egress_rules(self, service_id: str) -> None:
         """Remove all rules tagged pic-egr-<service_id> from mangle and nat."""
         import re as _re
diff --git a/api/managers.py b/api/managers.py
index 57c7951..1e312a1 100644
--- a/api/managers.py
+++ b/api/managers.py
@@ -53,7 +53,8 @@ service_registry = ServiceRegistry(config_manager=config_manager)
 network_manager    = NetworkManager(data_dir=DATA_DIR, config_dir=CONFIG_DIR,
                                     service_registry=service_registry)
 wireguard_manager  = WireGuardManager(data_dir=DATA_DIR, config_dir=CONFIG_DIR)
-peer_registry      = PeerRegistry(data_dir=DATA_DIR, config_dir=CONFIG_DIR)
+peer_registry      = PeerRegistry(data_dir=DATA_DIR, config_dir=CONFIG_DIR,
+                                  config_manager=config_manager)
 email_manager      = EmailManager(data_dir=DATA_DIR, config_dir=CONFIG_DIR, service_bus=service_bus)
 calendar_manager   = CalendarManager(data_dir=DATA_DIR, config_dir=CONFIG_DIR)
 file_manager       = FileManager(data_dir=DATA_DIR, config_dir=CONFIG_DIR)
@@ -102,6 +103,7 @@ from egress_manager import EgressManager
 egress_manager = EgressManager(
     config_manager=config_manager,
     service_store_manager=service_store_manager,
+    connectivity_manager=connectivity_manager,
     data_dir=DATA_DIR,
     config_dir=CONFIG_DIR,
 )
diff --git a/api/peer_registry.py b/api/peer_registry.py
index c62ef0c..914c70d 100644
--- a/api/peer_registry.py
+++ b/api/peer_registry.py
@@ -17,11 +17,17 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 class PeerRegistry(BaseServiceManager):
     """Manages peer registration and management"""
     
-    def __init__(self, data_dir: str = '/app/data', config_dir: str = '/app/config'):
+    def __init__(self, data_dir: str = '/app/data', config_dir: str = '/app/config',
+                 config_manager=None):
         super().__init__('peer_registry', data_dir, config_dir)
         self.lock = RLock()
         self.peers = []
         self.peers_file = os.path.join(data_dir, 'peers.json')
+        # config_manager is used to resolve/validate connection ids for the
+        # per-peer exit (exit_via). It may be wired after construction (the
+        # singletons in managers.py are built in dependency order), so the
+        # exit_via→connection-id migration also runs lazily, idempotently.
+        self.config_manager = config_manager
         self._load_peers()
 
     def get_status(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
@@ -205,6 +211,11 @@ class PeerRegistry(BaseServiceManager):
                         changed = True
                 if changed:
                     self._save_peers()
+                # Phase 2 (connectivity v2): exit_via is now a connection id (or
+                # 'default'). Rewrite any legacy per-type exit_via to the id of
+                # the single migrated connection instance of that type. Runs
+                # lazily if config_manager is not yet wired.
+                self._migrate_exit_via_to_connection_id()
             else:
                 self.peers = []
                 self.logger.info("No peers file found, starting with empty registry")
@@ -350,26 +361,101 @@ class PeerRegistry(BaseServiceManager):
                     return dict(peer)
         raise ValueError(f"Peer '{peer_name}' not found")
 
-    # Phase 5: extended connectivity per-peer egress exit
-    VALID_EXIT_VIA = ('default', 'wireguard_ext', 'openvpn', 'tor',
-                      'sshuttle', 'proxy')
+    # Connectivity v2: legacy per-type exit values. A peer's exit_via is now a
+    # connection id (or 'default'); these strings are accepted only as a
+    # one-release back-compat shim — resolved to the single migrated instance
+    # of that type via config_manager.list_connections().
+    _LEGACY_EXIT_TYPES = ('wireguard_ext', 'openvpn', 'tor', 'sshuttle', 'proxy')
+
+    def _connections(self) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        """Return the v2 connection records, or [] when unavailable."""
+        if self.config_manager is None:
+            return []
+        try:
+            conns = self.config_manager.list_connections()
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.logger.warning(f"peer_registry: list_connections failed: {e}")
+            return []
+        return conns if isinstance(conns, list) else []
+
+    def _resolve_exit_via(self, value: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Resolve an exit_via value to a valid connection id or 'default'.
+
+        Accepts 'default', a real connection id, or — as a back-compat shim —
+        a legacy type string (resolved to the single instance of that type).
+        Returns None when the value cannot be resolved to anything valid.
+        """
+        if value == 'default':
+            return 'default'
+        conns = self._connections()
+        for c in conns:
+            if c.get('id') == value:
+                return value
+        if value in self._LEGACY_EXIT_TYPES:
+            matches = [c for c in conns if c.get('type') == value]
+            if len(matches) == 1:
+                return matches[0].get('id')
+        return None
+
+    def _migrate_exit_via_to_connection_id(self) -> bool:
+        """Rewrite legacy per-type exit_via values to migrated connection ids.
+
+        Idempotent: ids and 'default' are left untouched. Legacy type strings
+        are mapped to the single instance of that type; if no instance exists
+        the peer falls back to 'default'. Returns True if anything changed.
+        Runs only when config_manager (and its v2 connections) are available.
+        """
+        if self.config_manager is None:
+            return False
+        conns = self._connections()
+        valid_ids = {c.get('id') for c in conns}
+        by_type: Dict[str, List[str]] = {}
+        for c in conns:
+            by_type.setdefault(c.get('type'), []).append(c.get('id'))
+
+        changed = False
+        with self.lock:
+            for peer in self.peers:
+                exit_via = peer.get('exit_via', 'default')
+                if exit_via == 'default' or exit_via in valid_ids:
+                    continue
+                new_value = 'default'
+                if exit_via in self._LEGACY_EXIT_TYPES:
+                    ids = by_type.get(exit_via, [])
+                    if len(ids) == 1:
+                        new_value = ids[0]
+                peer['exit_via'] = new_value
+                changed = True
+                self.logger.info(
+                    f"peer_registry: migrated exit_via {exit_via!r} → "
+                    f"{new_value!r} for {peer.get('peer')!r}"
+                )
+            if changed:
+                self._save_peers()
+        return changed
 
     def set_peer_exit_via(self, peer_name: str, exit_type: str) -> bool:
-        """Set the per-peer egress exit type. Returns True if updated, False
-        if the peer is not found (logged as warning, no exception)."""
-        if exit_type not in self.VALID_EXIT_VIA:
+        """Set the per-peer egress connection id. Returns True if updated, False
+        if the peer is not found or the id is invalid (logged, no exception).
+
+        `exit_type` must be a real connection id or 'default'. A legacy type
+        string is accepted as a back-compat shim and resolved to the single
+        instance of that type.
+        """
+        resolved = self._resolve_exit_via(exit_type)
+        if resolved is None:
             self.logger.warning(
-                f"set_peer_exit_via: invalid exit_type {exit_type!r}"
+                f"set_peer_exit_via: invalid connection id {exit_type!r}"
             )
             return False
         with self.lock:
             for peer in self.peers:
                 if peer.get('peer') == peer_name:
-                    peer['exit_via'] = exit_type
+                    peer['exit_via'] = resolved
                     peer['updated_at'] = datetime.utcnow().isoformat()
                     self._save_peers()
                     self.logger.info(
-                        f"Set exit_via for {peer_name}: {exit_type!r}"
+                        f"Set exit_via for {peer_name}: {resolved!r}"
                     )
                     return True
             self.logger.warning(
diff --git a/tests/test_connectivity_connections.py b/tests/test_connectivity_connections.py
index 4647d6c..126968d 100644
--- a/tests/test_connectivity_connections.py
+++ b/tests/test_connectivity_connections.py
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ class TestDeleteConnection(_Base):
         res = self.mgr.create_connection('proxy', 'ref', _proxy_cfg())
         cid = res['connection']['id']
         self.peer_registry.list_peers.return_value = [
-            {'peer': 'alice', 'connection_id': cid}]
+            {'peer': 'alice', 'exit_via': cid}]
         out = self.mgr.delete_connection(cid)
         self.assertFalse(out['ok'])
         self.assertIn('in use', out['error'])
diff --git a/tests/test_connectivity_manager.py b/tests/test_connectivity_manager.py
index a3fb21f..de763a5 100644
--- a/tests/test_connectivity_manager.py
+++ b/tests/test_connectivity_manager.py
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ def _make_manager(tmp_dir=None, peer_registry=_SENTINEL, config_manager=None):
             'cell_name': 'test',
             'ip_range': '172.20.0.0/16',
         }
+        config_manager.list_connections.return_value = []
 
     if peer_registry is _SENTINEL:
         peer_registry = MagicMock()
@@ -530,49 +531,58 @@ class TestSetPeerExit(unittest.TestCase):
             peer_registry.list_peers.return_value = []
         return _make_manager(tmp_dir=self.tmp, peer_registry=peer_registry)
 
-    def test_valid_exit_type_returns_ok_true(self):
+    def test_valid_connection_id_returns_ok_true(self):
         mgr = self._mgr()
         with patch.object(cm_module, 'subprocess') as mock_sp:
             mock_sp.run.return_value = _mock_subprocess_ok()
-            result = mgr.set_peer_exit('alice', 'wireguard_ext')
+            result = mgr.set_peer_exit('alice', 'conn_abcd')
         self.assertTrue(result['ok'])
 
-    def test_valid_exit_type_default_returns_ok_true(self):
+    def test_default_returns_ok_true(self):
         mgr = self._mgr()
         with patch.object(cm_module, 'subprocess') as mock_sp:
             mock_sp.run.return_value = _mock_subprocess_ok()
             result = mgr.set_peer_exit('alice', 'default')
         self.assertTrue(result['ok'])
 
-    def test_invalid_exit_type_returns_ok_false(self):
+    def test_empty_connection_id_returns_ok_false(self):
         mgr = self._mgr()
-        result = mgr.set_peer_exit('alice', 'shadowsocks')
+        result = mgr.set_peer_exit('alice', '')
         self.assertFalse(result['ok'])
         self.assertIn('error', result)
 
-    def test_invalid_exit_type_error_mentions_type(self):
-        mgr = self._mgr()
-        result = mgr.set_peer_exit('alice', 'bad_type')
-        self.assertIn('bad_type', result['error'])
+    def test_unknown_connection_for_existing_peer_returns_ok_false(self):
+        """When the peer exists but the connection id is rejected by the
+        registry, set_peer_exit reports an unknown-connection error."""
+        pr = MagicMock()
+        pr.set_peer_exit_via.return_value = False
+        pr.get_peer.return_value = {'peer': 'alice', 'ip': '10.0.0.5'}
+        pr.list_peers.return_value = []
+        mgr = self._mgr(peer_registry=pr)
+        result = mgr.set_peer_exit('alice', 'conn_ghost')
+        self.assertFalse(result['ok'])
+        self.assertIn('unknown connection', result['error'])
 
     def test_calls_peer_registry_set_peer_exit_via_with_correct_args(self):
         pr = MagicMock()
         pr.set_peer_exit_via.return_value = True
         pr.list_peers.return_value = []
+        pr.get_peer.return_value = {'peer': 'bob', 'exit_via': 'conn_xyz'}
         mgr = self._mgr(peer_registry=pr)
         with patch.object(cm_module, 'subprocess') as mock_sp:
             mock_sp.run.return_value = _mock_subprocess_ok()
-            mgr.set_peer_exit('bob', 'openvpn')
-        pr.set_peer_exit_via.assert_called_once_with('bob', 'openvpn')
+            mgr.set_peer_exit('bob', 'conn_xyz')
+        pr.set_peer_exit_via.assert_called_once_with('bob', 'conn_xyz')
 
     def test_peer_not_found_in_registry_returns_ok_false(self):
         pr = MagicMock()
         pr.set_peer_exit_via.return_value = False  # peer not found
+        pr.get_peer.return_value = None  # peer truly absent
         pr.list_peers.return_value = []
         mgr = self._mgr(peer_registry=pr)
-        result = mgr.set_peer_exit('unknown-peer', 'tor')
+        result = mgr.set_peer_exit('unknown-peer', 'conn_tor')
         self.assertFalse(result['ok'])
-        self.assertIn('error', result)
+        self.assertIn('not found', result['error'])
 
     def test_invalid_peer_name_returns_ok_false(self):
         mgr = self._mgr()
@@ -706,14 +716,22 @@ class TestApplyRoutes(unittest.TestCase):
             result = mgr.apply_routes()
         self.assertIsInstance(result, dict)
 
-    def test_peer_with_wireguard_ext_exit_generates_mark_rule(self):
-        """Peers with a non-default exit should trigger _add_mark_rule calls."""
+    def _cm_with_connections(self, connections):
+        cm = MagicMock()
+        cm.get_identity.return_value = {'cell_name': 't', 'ip_range': '172.20.0.0/16'}
+        cm.list_connections.return_value = connections
+        return cm
+
+    def test_peer_with_connection_exit_generates_mark_rule(self):
+        """A peer whose exit_via is a connection id gets that connection's mark."""
+        conns = [{'id': 'conn_wg', 'type': 'wireguard_ext', 'enabled': True,
+                  'mark': 0x1000, 'table': 1000, 'iface': 'wgext_x',
+                  'redirect_port': None}]
         pr = MagicMock()
-        pr.list_peers.return_value = [
-            {'peer': 'alice', 'exit_via': 'wireguard_ext'},
-        ]
+        pr.list_peers.return_value = [{'peer': 'alice', 'exit_via': 'conn_wg'}]
         pr.get_peer.return_value = {'peer': 'alice', 'ip': '172.20.0.50/32'}
-        mgr = _make_manager(tmp_dir=self.tmp, peer_registry=pr)
+        mgr = _make_manager(tmp_dir=self.tmp, peer_registry=pr,
+                            config_manager=self._cm_with_connections(conns))
         with patch.object(mgr, '_add_mark_rule') as mock_mark, \
              patch.object(cm_module, 'subprocess') as mock_sp:
             mock_sp.run.return_value = _mock_subprocess_ok()
@@ -721,14 +739,14 @@ class TestApplyRoutes(unittest.TestCase):
         mock_mark.assert_called()
         call_args = mock_mark.call_args[0]
         self.assertEqual(call_args[0], '172.20.0.50')  # IP without CIDR
+        self.assertEqual(call_args[1], 0x1000)          # the connection's mark
 
     def test_peer_with_default_exit_skips_mark_rule(self):
         """Peers on default exit must not generate mark rules."""
         pr = MagicMock()
-        pr.list_peers.return_value = [
-            {'peer': 'bob', 'exit_via': 'default'},
-        ]
-        mgr = _make_manager(tmp_dir=self.tmp, peer_registry=pr)
+        pr.list_peers.return_value = [{'peer': 'bob', 'exit_via': 'default'}]
+        mgr = _make_manager(tmp_dir=self.tmp, peer_registry=pr,
+                            config_manager=self._cm_with_connections([]))
         with patch.object(mgr, '_add_mark_rule') as mock_mark, \
              patch.object(cm_module, 'subprocess') as mock_sp:
             mock_sp.run.return_value = _mock_subprocess_ok()
@@ -744,6 +762,171 @@ class TestApplyRoutes(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIsInstance(result['rules_applied'], int)
 
 
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# apply_routes — instance-aware routing (connectivity v2)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class TestApplyRoutesInstances(unittest.TestCase):
+    """apply_routes must drive routing from connection instances, so two
+    instances of the same type route through distinct tables/marks without
+    collision, and each peer gets its own connection's mark."""
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.tmp = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        shutil.rmtree(self.tmp, ignore_errors=True)
+
+    def _cm(self, connections):
+        cm = MagicMock()
+        cm.get_identity.return_value = {'cell_name': 't', 'ip_range': '172.20.0.0/16'}
+        cm.list_connections.return_value = connections
+        return cm
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _docker_args(call):
+        """Strip the `docker exec <container> <ip|iptables>` prefix from a call."""
+        args = call.args[0]
+        # args == ['docker', 'exec', CONTAINER, 'ip'|'iptables', <sub-args...>]
+        return args[4:]
+
+    def test_two_wireguard_ext_instances_distinct_tables_no_collision(self):
+        conns = [
+            {'id': 'conn_a', 'type': 'wireguard_ext', 'enabled': True,
+             'mark': 0x1000, 'table': 1000, 'iface': 'wgext_a', 'redirect_port': None},
+            {'id': 'conn_b', 'type': 'wireguard_ext', 'enabled': True,
+             'mark': 0x1010, 'table': 1001, 'iface': 'wgext_b', 'redirect_port': None},
+        ]
+        pr = MagicMock()
+        pr.list_peers.return_value = []
+        mgr = _make_manager(tmp_dir=self.tmp, peer_registry=pr,
+                            config_manager=self._cm(conns))
+
+        with patch.object(cm_module, 'subprocess') as mock_sp:
+            mock_sp.run.return_value = _mock_subprocess_ok()
+            mgr.apply_routes()
+
+        rule_adds = []
+        for c in mock_sp.run.call_args_list:
+            args = self._docker_args(c)
+            if args[:3] == ['rule', 'add', 'fwmark']:
+                rule_adds.append(args)
+
+        # One ip rule per instance, each pointing its own mark at its own table.
+        pairs = {(a[3], a[5]) for a in rule_adds}  # (fwmark_hex, table)
+        self.assertIn(('0x1000', '1000'), pairs)
+        self.assertIn(('0x1010', '1001'), pairs)
+        # Marks and tables must be distinct — no collision.
+        marks = [a[3] for a in rule_adds]
+        tables = [a[5] for a in rule_adds]
+        self.assertEqual(len(set(marks)), len(marks))
+        self.assertEqual(len(set(tables)), len(tables))
+
+    def test_two_peers_on_two_instances_get_different_marks(self):
+        conns = [
+            {'id': 'conn_a', 'type': 'wireguard_ext', 'enabled': True,
+             'mark': 0x1000, 'table': 1000, 'iface': 'wgext_a', 'redirect_port': None},
+            {'id': 'conn_b', 'type': 'wireguard_ext', 'enabled': True,
+             'mark': 0x1010, 'table': 1001, 'iface': 'wgext_b', 'redirect_port': None},
+        ]
+        pr = MagicMock()
+        pr.list_peers.return_value = [
+            {'peer': 'alice', 'exit_via': 'conn_a'},
+            {'peer': 'bob', 'exit_via': 'conn_b'},
+        ]
+        pr.get_peer.side_effect = lambda n: {
+            'alice': {'peer': 'alice', 'ip': '172.20.0.50/32'},
+            'bob': {'peer': 'bob', 'ip': '172.20.0.51/32'},
+        }[n]
+        mgr = _make_manager(tmp_dir=self.tmp, peer_registry=pr,
+                            config_manager=self._cm(conns))
+
+        marks_by_ip = {}
+
+        def capture(src_ip, mark):
+            marks_by_ip[src_ip] = mark
+
+        with patch.object(mgr, '_add_mark_rule', side_effect=capture), \
+             patch.object(cm_module, 'subprocess') as mock_sp:
+            mock_sp.run.return_value = _mock_subprocess_ok()
+            mgr.apply_routes()
+
+        self.assertEqual(marks_by_ip['172.20.0.50'], 0x1000)
+        self.assertEqual(marks_by_ip['172.20.0.51'], 0x1010)
+        self.assertNotEqual(marks_by_ip['172.20.0.50'], marks_by_ip['172.20.0.51'])
+
+    def test_two_redirect_instances_distinct_ports(self):
+        """Two redirect-style instances REDIRECT their peers to distinct ports."""
+        conns = [
+            {'id': 'conn_p1', 'type': 'proxy', 'enabled': True,
+             'mark': 0x1000, 'table': 1000, 'iface': None, 'redirect_port': 9100},
+            {'id': 'conn_p2', 'type': 'proxy', 'enabled': True,
+             'mark': 0x1010, 'table': 1001, 'iface': None, 'redirect_port': 9101},
+        ]
+        pr = MagicMock()
+        pr.list_peers.return_value = [
+            {'peer': 'alice', 'exit_via': 'conn_p1'},
+            {'peer': 'bob', 'exit_via': 'conn_p2'},
+        ]
+        pr.get_peer.side_effect = lambda n: {
+            'alice': {'peer': 'alice', 'ip': '172.20.0.50/32'},
+            'bob': {'peer': 'bob', 'ip': '172.20.0.51/32'},
+        }[n]
+        mgr = _make_manager(tmp_dir=self.tmp, peer_registry=pr,
+                            config_manager=self._cm(conns))
+
+        ports_by_ip = {}
+
+        def capture(src_ip, port):
+            ports_by_ip[src_ip] = port
+
+        with patch.object(mgr, '_add_redirect', side_effect=capture), \
+             patch.object(cm_module, 'subprocess') as mock_sp:
+            mock_sp.run.return_value = _mock_subprocess_ok()
+            mgr.apply_routes()
+
+        self.assertEqual(ports_by_ip['172.20.0.50'], 9100)
+        self.assertEqual(ports_by_ip['172.20.0.51'], 9101)
+
+    def test_single_instance_equivalence(self):
+        """An already-migrated cell with one instance per type yields the same
+        effective rules as before: one ip rule (mark→table), one mark per
+        peer, killswitch on the iface-based instance."""
+        conns = [
+            {'id': 'conn_wg', 'type': 'wireguard_ext', 'enabled': True,
+             'mark': 0x1000, 'table': 1000, 'iface': 'wgext_x', 'redirect_port': None},
+        ]
+        pr = MagicMock()
+        pr.list_peers.return_value = [{'peer': 'alice', 'exit_via': 'conn_wg'}]
+        pr.get_peer.return_value = {'peer': 'alice', 'ip': '172.20.0.50/32'}
+        mgr = _make_manager(tmp_dir=self.tmp, peer_registry=pr,
+                            config_manager=self._cm(conns))
+
+        with patch.object(mgr, '_add_killswitch') as mock_ks, \
+             patch.object(mgr, '_add_mark_rule') as mock_mark, \
+             patch.object(cm_module, 'subprocess') as mock_sp:
+            mock_sp.run.return_value = _mock_subprocess_ok()
+            mgr.apply_routes()
+
+        mock_mark.assert_called_once_with('172.20.0.50', 0x1000)
+        mock_ks.assert_called_once_with(0x1000, 'wgext_x')
+
+    def test_disabled_instance_is_skipped(self):
+        conns = [
+            {'id': 'conn_off', 'type': 'wireguard_ext', 'enabled': False,
+             'mark': 0x1000, 'table': 1000, 'iface': 'wgext_x', 'redirect_port': None},
+        ]
+        pr = MagicMock()
+        pr.list_peers.return_value = []
+        mgr = _make_manager(tmp_dir=self.tmp, peer_registry=pr,
+                            config_manager=self._cm(conns))
+        with patch.object(mgr, '_add_killswitch') as mock_ks, \
+             patch.object(cm_module, 'subprocess') as mock_sp:
+            mock_sp.run.return_value = _mock_subprocess_ok()
+            mgr.apply_routes()
+        mock_ks.assert_not_called()
+
+
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # _exit_status — status string + store-service bridge
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/tests/test_connectivity_proxy.py b/tests/test_connectivity_proxy.py
index 416f22a..1a33a3c 100644
--- a/tests/test_connectivity_proxy.py
+++ b/tests/test_connectivity_proxy.py
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ def _make_manager(tmp_dir=None, peer_registry=_SENTINEL, config_manager=None):
             'exits': {}, 'peer_exit_map': {},
         }
         config_manager.get_installed_services.return_value = {}
+        config_manager.list_connections.return_value = []
 
     if peer_registry is _SENTINEL:
         peer_registry = MagicMock()
@@ -265,13 +266,26 @@ class TestApplyRoutesProxy(unittest.TestCase):
     def tearDown(self):
         shutil.rmtree(self.tmp, ignore_errors=True)
 
-    def test_proxy_peer_gets_redirect_to_12345(self):
+    @staticmethod
+    def _proxy_conn(redirect_port=9100, mark=0x1000, table=1000):
+        return {'id': 'conn_proxy', 'type': 'proxy', 'enabled': True,
+                'mark': mark, 'table': table, 'iface': None,
+                'redirect_port': redirect_port}
+
+    def _cm(self, connections):
+        cm = MagicMock()
+        cm.get_identity.return_value = {'cell_name': 't', 'ip_range': '172.20.0.0/16'}
+        cm.list_connections.return_value = connections
+        cm.get_installed_services.return_value = {}
+        return cm
+
+    def test_proxy_peer_gets_redirect_to_instance_port(self):
+        conn = self._proxy_conn(redirect_port=9100)
         pr = MagicMock()
-        pr.list_peers.return_value = [
-            {'peer': 'bob', 'exit_via': 'proxy'},
-        ]
+        pr.list_peers.return_value = [{'peer': 'bob', 'exit_via': 'conn_proxy'}]
         pr.get_peer.return_value = {'peer': 'bob', 'ip': '172.20.0.60/32'}
-        mgr = _make_manager(tmp_dir=self.tmp, peer_registry=pr)
+        mgr = _make_manager(tmp_dir=self.tmp, peer_registry=pr,
+                            config_manager=self._cm([conn]))
         with patch.object(cm_module, 'subprocess') as mock_sp:
             mock_sp.run.return_value = _mock_subprocess_ok()
             mgr.apply_routes()
@@ -281,16 +295,16 @@ class TestApplyRoutesProxy(unittest.TestCase):
         ]
         self.assertEqual(len(redirect_calls), 1)
         args = redirect_calls[0].args[0]
-        self.assertEqual(args[args.index('--to-ports') + 1], '12345')
+        self.assertEqual(args[args.index('--to-ports') + 1], '9100')
         self.assertIn('172.20.0.60', args)
 
-    def test_proxy_peer_gets_mark_0x50(self):
+    def test_proxy_peer_gets_instance_mark(self):
+        conn = self._proxy_conn(mark=0x1020)
         pr = MagicMock()
-        pr.list_peers.return_value = [
-            {'peer': 'bob', 'exit_via': 'proxy'},
-        ]
+        pr.list_peers.return_value = [{'peer': 'bob', 'exit_via': 'conn_proxy'}]
         pr.get_peer.return_value = {'peer': 'bob', 'ip': '172.20.0.60/32'}
-        mgr = _make_manager(tmp_dir=self.tmp, peer_registry=pr)
+        mgr = _make_manager(tmp_dir=self.tmp, peer_registry=pr,
+                            config_manager=self._cm([conn]))
         with patch.object(cm_module, 'subprocess') as mock_sp:
             mock_sp.run.return_value = _mock_subprocess_ok()
             mgr.apply_routes()
@@ -300,29 +314,32 @@ class TestApplyRoutesProxy(unittest.TestCase):
         ]
         self.assertEqual(len(mark_calls), 1)
         args = mark_calls[0].args[0]
-        self.assertEqual(args[args.index('--set-mark') + 1], hex(0x50))
+        self.assertEqual(args[args.index('--set-mark') + 1], hex(0x1020))
 
-    def test_ip_rule_added_for_proxy_table_150(self):
-        mgr = _make_manager(tmp_dir=self.tmp)
+    def test_ip_rule_added_for_instance_table(self):
+        conn = self._proxy_conn(mark=0x1030, table=1234)
+        mgr = _make_manager(tmp_dir=self.tmp, config_manager=self._cm([conn]))
         with patch.object(cm_module, 'subprocess') as mock_sp:
             mock_sp.run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=1, stdout='', stderr='')
             mgr.apply_routes()
         rule_adds = [
             c for c in mock_sp.run.call_args_list
             if 'rule' in c.args[0] and 'add' in c.args[0]
-            and hex(0x50) in c.args[0]
+            and hex(0x1030) in c.args[0]
         ]
         self.assertEqual(len(rule_adds), 1)
-        self.assertIn('150', rule_adds[0].args[0])
+        self.assertIn('1234', rule_adds[0].args[0])
 
-    def test_tor_redirect_still_uses_9040(self):
-        """Regression: tor redirect must be unaffected by the new exits."""
+    def test_tor_redirect_uses_instance_port(self):
+        """A tor connection instance REDIRECTs to its own allocated port."""
+        conn = {'id': 'conn_tor', 'type': 'tor', 'enabled': True,
+                'mark': 0x1000, 'table': 1000, 'iface': None,
+                'redirect_port': 9100}
         pr = MagicMock()
-        pr.list_peers.return_value = [
-            {'peer': 'carol', 'exit_via': 'tor'},
-        ]
+        pr.list_peers.return_value = [{'peer': 'carol', 'exit_via': 'conn_tor'}]
         pr.get_peer.return_value = {'peer': 'carol', 'ip': '172.20.0.70/32'}
-        mgr = _make_manager(tmp_dir=self.tmp, peer_registry=pr)
+        mgr = _make_manager(tmp_dir=self.tmp, peer_registry=pr,
+                            config_manager=self._cm([conn]))
         with patch.object(cm_module, 'subprocess') as mock_sp:
             mock_sp.run.return_value = _mock_subprocess_ok()
             mgr.apply_routes()
@@ -332,7 +349,7 @@ class TestApplyRoutesProxy(unittest.TestCase):
         ]
         self.assertEqual(len(redirect_calls), 1)
         args = redirect_calls[0].args[0]
-        self.assertEqual(args[args.index('--to-ports') + 1], '9040')
+        self.assertEqual(args[args.index('--to-ports') + 1], '9100')
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -340,39 +357,32 @@ class TestApplyRoutesProxy(unittest.TestCase):
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 class TestEgressManagerMirror(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Egress now resolves a service's (mark, table, redirect_port) from the
+    connection instance it routes through — no per-type MARKS/TABLES tables."""
 
-    def test_exit_types_include_sshuttle_and_proxy(self):
-        self.assertIn('sshuttle', em_module.EXIT_TYPES)
-        self.assertIn('proxy', em_module.EXIT_TYPES)
-
-    def test_marks_do_not_collide_with_connectivity(self):
-        self.assertEqual(em_module.MARKS['sshuttle'], 0x140)
-        self.assertEqual(em_module.MARKS['proxy'], 0x150)
-        self.assertNotIn(em_module.MARKS['sshuttle'],
-                         ConnectivityManager.MARKS.values())
-        self.assertNotIn(em_module.MARKS['proxy'],
-                         ConnectivityManager.MARKS.values())
-
-    def test_tables(self):
-        self.assertEqual(em_module.TABLES['sshuttle'], 240)
-        self.assertEqual(em_module.TABLES['proxy'], 250)
-
-    def _make_egress(self, exit_via):
+    def _make_egress(self, connection):
         config_manager = MagicMock()
         manifest = {
             'id': 'svc',
             'container_name': 'cell-svc',
             'has_egress': True,
-            'egress': {'default': exit_via, 'allowed': list(em_module.EXIT_TYPES)},
+            'egress': {'default': connection['id'],
+                       'allowed': [connection['type']]},
         }
         config_manager.get_installed_services.return_value = {
             'svc': {'manifest': manifest},
         }
         config_manager.configs = {'egress_overrides': {}}
+        config_manager.list_connections.return_value = [connection]
+        config_manager.get_connection.side_effect = \
+            lambda cid: connection if cid == connection['id'] else None
         return em_module.EgressManager(config_manager=config_manager)
 
-    def test_apply_service_sshuttle_redirects_to_12300(self):
-        em = self._make_egress('sshuttle')
+    def test_apply_service_sshuttle_redirects_to_instance_port(self):
+        conn = {'id': 'conn_ssh', 'type': 'sshuttle', 'enabled': True,
+                'mark': 0x1000, 'table': 1000, 'iface': None,
+                'redirect_port': 9100}
+        em = self._make_egress(conn)
         with patch.object(em_module, 'subprocess') as mock_sp:
             mock_sp.run.return_value = MagicMock(
                 returncode=0, stdout='172.21.0.5', stderr='')
@@ -384,10 +394,13 @@ class TestEgressManagerMirror(unittest.TestCase):
         ]
         self.assertEqual(len(redirect_calls), 1)
         args = redirect_calls[0].args[0]
-        self.assertEqual(args[args.index('--to-ports') + 1], '12300')
+        self.assertEqual(args[args.index('--to-ports') + 1], '9100')
 
-    def test_apply_service_proxy_redirects_to_12345(self):
-        em = self._make_egress('proxy')
+    def test_apply_service_proxy_redirects_to_instance_port(self):
+        conn = {'id': 'conn_px', 'type': 'proxy', 'enabled': True,
+                'mark': 0x1010, 'table': 1001, 'iface': None,
+                'redirect_port': 9101}
+        em = self._make_egress(conn)
         with patch.object(em_module, 'subprocess') as mock_sp:
             mock_sp.run.return_value = MagicMock(
                 returncode=0, stdout='172.21.0.5', stderr='')
@@ -399,7 +412,24 @@ class TestEgressManagerMirror(unittest.TestCase):
         ]
         self.assertEqual(len(redirect_calls), 1)
         args = redirect_calls[0].args[0]
-        self.assertEqual(args[args.index('--to-ports') + 1], '12345')
+        self.assertEqual(args[args.index('--to-ports') + 1], '9101')
+
+    def test_apply_service_uses_connection_mark(self):
+        conn = {'id': 'conn_px', 'type': 'proxy', 'enabled': True,
+                'mark': 0x1010, 'table': 1001, 'iface': None,
+                'redirect_port': 9101}
+        em = self._make_egress(conn)
+        with patch.object(em_module, 'subprocess') as mock_sp:
+            mock_sp.run.return_value = MagicMock(
+                returncode=0, stdout='172.21.0.5', stderr='')
+            em.apply_service('svc')
+        mark_calls = [
+            c for c in mock_sp.run.call_args_list
+            if 'MARK' in c.args[0] and '--set-mark' in c.args[0]
+        ]
+        self.assertGreater(len(mark_calls), 0)
+        args = mark_calls[0].args[0]
+        self.assertEqual(args[args.index('--set-mark') + 1], hex(0x1010))
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/tests/test_connectivity_sshuttle.py b/tests/test_connectivity_sshuttle.py
index ba2e495..2498fd2 100644
--- a/tests/test_connectivity_sshuttle.py
+++ b/tests/test_connectivity_sshuttle.py
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ def _make_manager(tmp_dir=None, peer_registry=_SENTINEL, config_manager=None,
             'exits': {}, 'peer_exit_map': {},
         }
         config_manager.get_installed_services.return_value = {}
+        config_manager.list_connections.return_value = []
 
     if peer_registry is _SENTINEL:
         peer_registry = MagicMock()
@@ -344,13 +345,26 @@ class TestApplyRoutesSshuttle(unittest.TestCase):
     def tearDown(self):
         shutil.rmtree(self.tmp, ignore_errors=True)
 
-    def test_sshuttle_peer_gets_redirect_to_12300(self):
+    @staticmethod
+    def _ssh_conn(mark=0x1000, table=1000, redirect_port=9100):
+        return {'id': 'conn_ssh', 'type': 'sshuttle', 'enabled': True,
+                'mark': mark, 'table': table, 'iface': None,
+                'redirect_port': redirect_port}
+
+    def _cm(self, connections):
+        cm = MagicMock()
+        cm.get_identity.return_value = {'cell_name': 't', 'ip_range': '172.20.0.0/16'}
+        cm.list_connections.return_value = connections
+        cm.get_installed_services.return_value = {}
+        return cm
+
+    def test_sshuttle_peer_gets_redirect_to_instance_port(self):
+        conn = self._ssh_conn(redirect_port=9100)
         pr = MagicMock()
-        pr.list_peers.return_value = [
-            {'peer': 'alice', 'exit_via': 'sshuttle'},
-        ]
+        pr.list_peers.return_value = [{'peer': 'alice', 'exit_via': 'conn_ssh'}]
         pr.get_peer.return_value = {'peer': 'alice', 'ip': '172.20.0.50/32'}
-        mgr = _make_manager(tmp_dir=self.tmp, peer_registry=pr)
+        mgr = _make_manager(tmp_dir=self.tmp, peer_registry=pr,
+                            config_manager=self._cm([conn]))
         with patch.object(cm_module, 'subprocess') as mock_sp:
             mock_sp.run.return_value = _mock_subprocess_ok()
             mgr.apply_routes()
@@ -361,16 +375,16 @@ class TestApplyRoutesSshuttle(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(len(redirect_calls), 1)
         args = redirect_calls[0].args[0]
         self.assertIn('--to-ports', args)
-        self.assertEqual(args[args.index('--to-ports') + 1], '12300')
+        self.assertEqual(args[args.index('--to-ports') + 1], '9100')
         self.assertIn('172.20.0.50', args)
 
-    def test_sshuttle_peer_gets_mark_0x40(self):
+    def test_sshuttle_peer_gets_instance_mark(self):
+        conn = self._ssh_conn(mark=0x1040)
         pr = MagicMock()
-        pr.list_peers.return_value = [
-            {'peer': 'alice', 'exit_via': 'sshuttle'},
-        ]
+        pr.list_peers.return_value = [{'peer': 'alice', 'exit_via': 'conn_ssh'}]
         pr.get_peer.return_value = {'peer': 'alice', 'ip': '172.20.0.50/32'}
-        mgr = _make_manager(tmp_dir=self.tmp, peer_registry=pr)
+        mgr = _make_manager(tmp_dir=self.tmp, peer_registry=pr,
+                            config_manager=self._cm([conn]))
         with patch.object(cm_module, 'subprocess') as mock_sp:
             mock_sp.run.return_value = _mock_subprocess_ok()
             mgr.apply_routes()
@@ -380,20 +394,21 @@ class TestApplyRoutesSshuttle(unittest.TestCase):
         ]
         self.assertEqual(len(mark_calls), 1)
         args = mark_calls[0].args[0]
-        self.assertEqual(args[args.index('--set-mark') + 1], hex(0x40))
+        self.assertEqual(args[args.index('--set-mark') + 1], hex(0x1040))
 
-    def test_ip_rule_added_for_sshuttle_table_140(self):
-        mgr = _make_manager(tmp_dir=self.tmp)
+    def test_ip_rule_added_for_instance_table(self):
+        conn = self._ssh_conn(mark=0x1040, table=1399)
+        mgr = _make_manager(tmp_dir=self.tmp, config_manager=self._cm([conn]))
         with patch.object(cm_module, 'subprocess') as mock_sp:
             mock_sp.run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=1, stdout='', stderr='')
             mgr.apply_routes()
         rule_adds = [
             c for c in mock_sp.run.call_args_list
             if 'rule' in c.args[0] and 'add' in c.args[0]
-            and hex(0x40) in c.args[0]
+            and hex(0x1040) in c.args[0]
         ]
         self.assertEqual(len(rule_adds), 1)
-        self.assertIn('140', rule_adds[0].args[0])
+        self.assertIn('1399', rule_adds[0].args[0])
 
     def test_no_killswitch_for_sshuttle(self):
         """sshuttle has no exit iface — _add_killswitch must skip it."""
@@ -481,19 +496,37 @@ class TestSetPeerExitSshuttle(unittest.TestCase):
     def tearDown(self):
         shutil.rmtree(self.tmp, ignore_errors=True)
 
-    def test_sshuttle_is_a_valid_exit_type(self):
+    def test_legacy_sshuttle_type_resolves_to_instance(self):
+        """Back-compat shim: setting exit to the legacy 'sshuttle' type resolves
+        to the single sshuttle connection instance."""
+        conn = {'id': 'conn_ssh', 'type': 'sshuttle'}
+        cm = MagicMock()
+        cm.get_identity.return_value = {'ip_range': '172.20.0.0/16'}
+        cm.list_connections.return_value = [conn]
+        cm.get_installed_services.return_value = {}
         pr = MagicMock()
-        pr.set_peer_exit_via.return_value = True
         pr.list_peers.return_value = []
-        mgr = _make_manager(tmp_dir=self.tmp, peer_registry=pr)
+        pr.get_peer.return_value = {'peer': 'alice', 'exit_via': 'conn_ssh'}
+
+        def _set(name, value):
+            # mimic the real registry shim resolution
+            return value in ('default', 'conn_ssh', 'sshuttle')
+        pr.set_peer_exit_via.side_effect = _set
+        mgr = _make_manager(tmp_dir=self.tmp, peer_registry=pr, config_manager=cm)
         with patch.object(cm_module, 'subprocess') as mock_sp:
             mock_sp.run.return_value = _mock_subprocess_ok()
             result = mgr.set_peer_exit('alice', 'sshuttle')
         self.assertTrue(result['ok'])
 
-    def test_peer_registry_accepts_sshuttle(self):
+    def test_peer_registry_accepts_sshuttle_legacy_type(self):
+        """The peer registry resolves a legacy 'sshuttle' type to its instance id."""
         from peer_registry import PeerRegistry
-        self.assertIn('sshuttle', PeerRegistry.VALID_EXIT_VIA)
+        cm = MagicMock()
+        cm.list_connections.return_value = [{'id': 'conn_ssh', 'type': 'sshuttle'}]
+        reg = PeerRegistry(data_dir=self.tmp, config_dir=self.tmp, config_manager=cm)
+        reg.add_peer({'peer': 'alice', 'ip': '10.0.0.5'})
+        self.assertTrue(reg.set_peer_exit_via('alice', 'sshuttle'))
+        self.assertEqual(reg.get_peer('alice')['exit_via'], 'conn_ssh')
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/tests/test_egress_manager.py b/tests/test_egress_manager.py
index 3139725..a25ef40 100644
--- a/tests/test_egress_manager.py
+++ b/tests/test_egress_manager.py
@@ -1,49 +1,85 @@
 """
 Tests for EgressManager — per-service egress enforcement via host iptables.
 
+Connectivity v2: a service routes through a connection *instance* (by id),
+sharing the connection's fwmark / routing table / redirect port. The egress
+override map is service_id → connection_id, and (mark, table, redirect_port)
+are resolved from ConnectivityManager.get_connection(id). EgressManager no
+longer owns its own per-type MARKS/TABLES.
+
 All subprocess calls (iptables, iptables-save, iptables-restore, ip rule,
-docker inspect) and config_manager state are mocked so these tests run
-without any live infrastructure or root privileges.
+docker inspect) and manager state are mocked so these tests run without any
+live infrastructure or root privileges.
 """
 
 import os
 import sys
 import unittest
-from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch, call
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 
 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '..', 'api'))
 
 import egress_manager as em_module
-from egress_manager import EgressManager, MARKS, TABLES, EXIT_TYPES, EGRESS_CHAIN
+from egress_manager import EgressManager, EGRESS_CHAIN
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Helpers
+# Connection fixtures — mirror the v2 allocator output.
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-def _make_manager(installed=None, overrides=None):
-    """Build an EgressManager backed by a mock config_manager."""
+CONNECTIONS = {
+    'conn_wg': {
+        'id': 'conn_wg', 'type': 'wireguard_ext', 'name': 'Work VPN',
+        'enabled': True, 'mark': 0x1000, 'table': 1000,
+        'iface': 'wgext_aaaa', 'redirect_port': None,
+    },
+    'conn_ovpn': {
+        'id': 'conn_ovpn', 'type': 'openvpn', 'name': 'OVPN',
+        'enabled': True, 'mark': 0x1010, 'table': 1001,
+        'iface': 'ovpn_bbbb', 'redirect_port': None,
+    },
+    'conn_tor': {
+        'id': 'conn_tor', 'type': 'tor', 'name': 'Tor',
+        'enabled': True, 'mark': 0x1020, 'table': 1002,
+        'iface': None, 'redirect_port': 9100,
+    },
+}
+
+
+def _make_manager(installed=None, overrides=None, connections=None):
+    """Build an EgressManager backed by mock config + connectivity managers."""
     cm = MagicMock()
     cm.get_installed_services.return_value = installed or {}
-    # Wire up configs dict so _get_egress_overrides / _set_egress_overrides work
     cm.configs = {'egress_overrides': overrides or {}}
     cm._save_all_configs = MagicMock()
-    return EgressManager(config_manager=cm), cm
+
+    conns = connections if connections is not None else CONNECTIONS
+    conn_list = list(conns.values())
+    cm.list_connections.return_value = conn_list
+    cm.get_connection.side_effect = lambda cid: conns.get(cid)
+
+    connectivity = MagicMock()
+    connectivity.list_connections.return_value = conn_list
+    connectivity.get_connection.side_effect = lambda cid: conns.get(cid)
+
+    mgr = EgressManager(config_manager=cm, connectivity_manager=connectivity)
+    return mgr, cm
 
 
 def _subprocess_ok(stdout=''):
-    """Return a MagicMock simulating a successful subprocess.run result."""
     return MagicMock(returncode=0, stdout=stdout, stderr='')
 
 
 def _subprocess_fail(stderr='error', stdout=''):
-    """Return a MagicMock simulating a failed subprocess.run result."""
     return MagicMock(returncode=1, stdout=stdout, stderr=stderr)
 
 
-def _make_manifest(has_egress=True, egress_default='wireguard_ext',
+def _make_manifest(has_egress=True, egress_default='conn_wg',
                    allowed=None, container_name='cell-myapp'):
-    """Return a minimal manifest dict with optional egress configuration."""
+    """Return a minimal manifest dict with optional egress configuration.
+
+    `allowed` is a list of connection *types* (manifests are type-scoped).
+    """
     m = {
         'id': 'myapp',
         'name': 'My App',
@@ -53,7 +89,8 @@ def _make_manifest(has_egress=True, egress_default='wireguard_ext',
         m['has_egress'] = True
         m['egress'] = {
             'default': egress_default,
-            'allowed': allowed if allowed is not None else list(EXIT_TYPES),
+            'allowed': allowed if allowed is not None
+            else ['wireguard_ext', 'openvpn', 'tor', 'sshuttle', 'proxy'],
         }
     else:
         m['has_egress'] = False
@@ -61,32 +98,26 @@ def _make_manifest(has_egress=True, egress_default='wireguard_ext',
 
 
 def _installed_with_manifest(manifest, service_id='myapp'):
-    """Return an installed-services dict containing one service record."""
     return {service_id: {'id': service_id, 'manifest': manifest}}
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# 1. test_apply_service_default_exit_no_iptables_calls
+# 1. default exit → no iptables rule-adding
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 class TestApplyServiceDefaultExit(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_apply_service_default_exit_no_iptables_calls(self):
-        """When egress.default is 'default', apply_service must not touch iptables."""
         manifest = _make_manifest(egress_default='default')
         mgr, _ = _make_manager(installed=_installed_with_manifest(manifest))
 
         with patch('subprocess.run') as mock_run:
-            # docker inspect must return an IP so we don't fail earlier
             mock_run.return_value = _subprocess_ok(stdout='172.20.0.50\n')
             result = mgr.apply_service('myapp')
 
         self.assertTrue(result['ok'])
         self.assertEqual(result.get('exit_via'), 'default')
 
-        # No iptables rule-insertion or mark call should have been made.
-        # iptables-save from clear_service is allowed; we only check that
-        # no iptables -A / -I (rule-adding) calls were made.
         rule_add_calls = [
             c for c in mock_run.call_args_list
             if c.args and c.args[0][:1] == ['iptables']
@@ -96,30 +127,25 @@ class TestApplyServiceDefaultExit(unittest.TestCase):
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# 2. test_apply_service_wireguard_ext_adds_mark_rule
+# 2. wireguard_ext connection → mark rule with the connection's own mark
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 class TestApplyServiceWireguardExt(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_apply_service_wireguard_ext_adds_mark_rule(self):
-        """wireguard_ext exit must add a mangle MARK rule with 0x110 and the correct comment."""
-        manifest = _make_manifest(egress_default='wireguard_ext')
+        manifest = _make_manifest(egress_default='conn_wg')
         mgr, _ = _make_manager(installed=_installed_with_manifest(manifest))
 
         calls_made = []
 
         def fake_run(cmd, **kwargs):
             calls_made.append(cmd)
-            # docker inspect → return IP
             if 'docker' in cmd and 'inspect' in cmd:
                 return _subprocess_ok(stdout='172.20.0.50\n')
-            # iptables-save → empty ruleset
             if 'iptables-save' in cmd:
                 return _subprocess_ok(stdout='')
-            # iptables-restore → success
             if 'iptables-restore' in cmd:
                 return _subprocess_ok()
-            # ip rule del → fail (none to delete)
             if cmd[:3] == ['ip', 'rule', 'del']:
                 return _subprocess_fail()
             return _subprocess_ok()
@@ -128,29 +154,35 @@ class TestApplyServiceWireguardExt(unittest.TestCase):
             result = mgr.apply_service('myapp')
 
         self.assertTrue(result['ok'], result)
-        self.assertEqual(result['exit_via'], 'wireguard_ext')
+        self.assertEqual(result['exit_via'], 'conn_wg')
 
-        # Find the mangle MARK -A call
         mark_calls = [
             c for c in calls_made
             if 'iptables' in str(c) and 'MARK' in c and '--set-mark' in c
         ]
         self.assertGreater(len(mark_calls), 0, 'No MARK rule was added')
         mark_cmd = ' '.join(mark_calls[0])
-        self.assertIn('0x110', mark_cmd)
+        self.assertIn('0x1000', mark_cmd)  # the connection's mark
         self.assertIn('pic-egr-myapp', mark_cmd)
         self.assertIn('mangle', mark_cmd)
 
+        # The ip rule must point fwmark→the connection's table.
+        ip_rule_add = [
+            c for c in calls_made
+            if c[:3] == ['ip', 'rule', 'add']
+        ]
+        self.assertGreater(len(ip_rule_add), 0)
+        self.assertIn('1000', ' '.join(ip_rule_add[0]))  # table
+
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# 3. test_apply_service_openvpn_adds_mark_rule
+# 3. openvpn connection → its own mark
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 class TestApplyServiceOpenVPN(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_apply_service_openvpn_adds_mark_rule(self):
-        """openvpn exit must add a mangle MARK rule with 0x120."""
-        manifest = _make_manifest(egress_default='openvpn')
+        manifest = _make_manifest(egress_default='conn_ovpn')
         mgr, _ = _make_manager(installed=_installed_with_manifest(manifest))
 
         calls_made = []
@@ -171,25 +203,24 @@ class TestApplyServiceOpenVPN(unittest.TestCase):
             result = mgr.apply_service('myapp')
 
         self.assertTrue(result['ok'], result)
-        self.assertEqual(result['exit_via'], 'openvpn')
+        self.assertEqual(result['exit_via'], 'conn_ovpn')
 
         mark_calls = [
             c for c in calls_made
             if 'iptables' in str(c) and 'MARK' in c and '--set-mark' in c
         ]
         self.assertGreater(len(mark_calls), 0)
-        self.assertIn('0x120', ' '.join(mark_calls[0]))
+        self.assertIn('0x1010', ' '.join(mark_calls[0]))
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# 4. test_apply_service_tor_adds_mark_and_redirect
+# 4. tor (redirect-style) connection → mark + REDIRECT to its redirect_port
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 class TestApplyServiceTor(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_apply_service_tor_adds_mark_and_redirect(self):
-        """tor exit must add a mangle MARK 0x130 AND a nat REDIRECT to port 9040."""
-        manifest = _make_manifest(egress_default='tor')
+        manifest = _make_manifest(egress_default='conn_tor')
         mgr, _ = _make_manager(installed=_installed_with_manifest(manifest))
 
         calls_made = []
@@ -210,14 +241,14 @@ class TestApplyServiceTor(unittest.TestCase):
             result = mgr.apply_service('myapp')
 
         self.assertTrue(result['ok'], result)
-        self.assertEqual(result['exit_via'], 'tor')
+        self.assertEqual(result['exit_via'], 'conn_tor')
 
         mark_calls = [
             c for c in calls_made
             if 'iptables' in str(c) and 'MARK' in c and '--set-mark' in c
         ]
         self.assertGreater(len(mark_calls), 0, 'No MARK rule found')
-        self.assertIn('0x130', ' '.join(mark_calls[0]))
+        self.assertIn('0x1020', ' '.join(mark_calls[0]))
 
         redirect_calls = [
             c for c in calls_made
@@ -225,24 +256,23 @@ class TestApplyServiceTor(unittest.TestCase):
         ]
         self.assertGreater(len(redirect_calls), 0, 'No REDIRECT rule found')
         redirect_cmd = ' '.join(redirect_calls[0])
-        self.assertIn('9040', redirect_cmd)
+        self.assertIn('9100', redirect_cmd)  # the connection's redirect_port
         self.assertIn('nat', redirect_cmd)
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# 5. test_apply_service_no_container_ip_returns_error
+# 5. no container IP → error
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 class TestApplyServiceNoContainerIP(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_apply_service_no_container_ip_returns_error(self):
-        """When docker inspect returns an empty IP, apply_service must return ok=False."""
-        manifest = _make_manifest(egress_default='wireguard_ext')
+        manifest = _make_manifest(egress_default='conn_wg')
         mgr, _ = _make_manager(installed=_installed_with_manifest(manifest))
 
         def fake_run(cmd, **kwargs):
             if 'docker' in cmd and 'inspect' in cmd:
-                return _subprocess_ok(stdout='\n')  # empty IP
+                return _subprocess_ok(stdout='\n')
             if 'iptables-save' in cmd:
                 return _subprocess_ok(stdout='')
             if 'iptables-restore' in cmd:
@@ -257,14 +287,13 @@ class TestApplyServiceNoContainerIP(unittest.TestCase):
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# 6. test_apply_service_container_ip_retries
+# 6. container IP retries
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 class TestApplyServiceRetries(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_apply_service_container_ip_retries(self):
-        """First docker inspect attempt fails; second succeeds — result must be ok=True."""
-        manifest = _make_manifest(egress_default='wireguard_ext')
+        manifest = _make_manifest(egress_default='conn_wg')
         mgr, _ = _make_manager(installed=_installed_with_manifest(manifest))
 
         inspect_count = [0]
@@ -273,8 +302,8 @@ class TestApplyServiceRetries(unittest.TestCase):
             if 'docker' in cmd and 'inspect' in cmd:
                 inspect_count[0] += 1
                 if inspect_count[0] == 1:
-                    return _subprocess_ok(stdout='\n')  # first attempt: empty
-                return _subprocess_ok(stdout='172.20.0.50\n')  # second: success
+                    return _subprocess_ok(stdout='\n')
+                return _subprocess_ok(stdout='172.20.0.50\n')
             if 'iptables-save' in cmd:
                 return _subprocess_ok(stdout='')
             if 'iptables-restore' in cmd:
@@ -284,7 +313,7 @@ class TestApplyServiceRetries(unittest.TestCase):
             return _subprocess_ok()
 
         with patch('subprocess.run', side_effect=fake_run):
-            with patch('time.sleep'):  # skip actual delays
+            with patch('time.sleep'):
                 result = mgr.apply_service('myapp')
 
         self.assertTrue(result['ok'], result)
@@ -292,13 +321,12 @@ class TestApplyServiceRetries(unittest.TestCase):
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# 7. test_has_egress_false_skips_rules
+# 7. has_egress False → skipped
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 class TestHasEgressFalse(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_has_egress_false_skips_rules(self):
-        """A manifest with has_egress=False must skip rules and return skipped=True."""
         manifest = _make_manifest(has_egress=False)
         mgr, _ = _make_manager(installed=_installed_with_manifest(manifest))
 
@@ -309,8 +337,6 @@ class TestHasEgressFalse(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(result['ok'])
         self.assertTrue(result.get('skipped'))
 
-        # No iptables rule-insertion call should have been made.
-        # iptables-save from clear_service is permitted; only check no -A/-I.
         rule_add_calls = [
             c for c in mock_run.call_args_list
             if c.args and c.args[0][:1] == ['iptables']
@@ -320,22 +346,18 @@ class TestHasEgressFalse(unittest.TestCase):
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# 8. test_has_egress_missing_egress_block_skips
+# 8. has_egress True but no egress block → skipped
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 class TestHasEgressMissingBlock(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_has_egress_missing_egress_block_skips(self):
-        """has_egress=True but no 'egress' dict → must skip (skipped=True)."""
         manifest = {
             'id': 'myapp',
             'container_name': 'cell-myapp',
             'has_egress': True,
-            # 'egress' key intentionally absent
         }
-        mgr, _ = _make_manager(
-            installed=_installed_with_manifest(manifest)
-        )
+        mgr, _ = _make_manager(installed=_installed_with_manifest(manifest))
 
         with patch('subprocess.run') as mock_run:
             mock_run.return_value = _subprocess_ok(stdout='')
@@ -346,23 +368,21 @@ class TestHasEgressMissingBlock(unittest.TestCase):
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# 9. test_clear_service_removes_tagged_rules
+# 9. clear_service removes only the tagged rules
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 class TestClearService(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_clear_service_removes_tagged_rules(self):
-        """iptables-restore is called with the tagged lines removed."""
         mgr, _ = _make_manager()
 
         mangle_rules = (
-            '-A PIC_EGRESS -s 172.20.0.50 -j MARK --set-mark 0x110 '
+            '-A PIC_EGRESS -s 172.20.0.50 -j MARK --set-mark 0x1000 '
             '-m comment --comment "pic-egr-myapp"\n'
-            '-A PIC_EGRESS -s 172.20.0.99 -j MARK --set-mark 0x110 '
+            '-A PIC_EGRESS -s 172.20.0.99 -j MARK --set-mark 0x1000 '
             '-m comment --comment "pic-egr-otherapp"\n'
         )
         nat_rules = ''
-
         restore_inputs = {}
 
         def fake_run(cmd, input=None, **kwargs):
@@ -382,28 +402,25 @@ class TestClearService(unittest.TestCase):
             result = mgr.clear_service('myapp')
 
         self.assertTrue(result['ok'])
-        # The restored mangle rules must not contain myapp's tag
         restored = restore_inputs.get('mangle', '')
         self.assertNotIn('pic-egr-myapp', restored)
-        # But the other service's rules must be preserved
         self.assertIn('pic-egr-otherapp', restored)
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# 10. test_set_service_exit_rejects_not_in_allowed
+# 10. set_service_exit rejects a connection whose type is not in allowed
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 class TestSetServiceExitRejectNotAllowed(unittest.TestCase):
 
-    def test_set_service_exit_rejects_not_in_allowed(self):
-        """Exit type not in manifest's allowed list must return ok=False."""
+    def test_set_service_exit_rejects_type_not_in_allowed(self):
         manifest = _make_manifest(
             egress_default='default',
-            allowed=['default', 'tor'],  # wireguard_ext not in allowed
+            allowed=['tor'],  # wireguard_ext not allowed
         )
         mgr, _ = _make_manager(installed=_installed_with_manifest(manifest))
 
-        result = mgr.set_service_exit('myapp', 'wireguard_ext')
+        result = mgr.set_service_exit('myapp', 'conn_wg')
 
         self.assertFalse(result['ok'])
         self.assertIn('error', result)
@@ -411,47 +428,71 @@ class TestSetServiceExitRejectNotAllowed(unittest.TestCase):
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# 11. test_set_service_exit_persists_and_applies
+# 11. set_service_exit persists the connection id and applies
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 class TestSetServiceExitPersistsAndApplies(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_set_service_exit_persists_and_applies(self):
-        """Valid override must be persisted to config_manager and apply_service called."""
-        manifest = _make_manifest(egress_default='default', allowed=list(EXIT_TYPES))
+        manifest = _make_manifest(egress_default='default')
         mgr, cm = _make_manager(installed=_installed_with_manifest(manifest))
 
         apply_calls = []
-        original_apply = mgr.apply_service
+        mgr.apply_service = lambda sid: apply_calls.append(sid) or {
+            'ok': True, 'exit_via': 'conn_tor'}
 
-        def fake_apply(sid):
-            apply_calls.append(sid)
-            return {'ok': True, 'exit_via': 'tor'}
+        result = mgr.set_service_exit('myapp', 'conn_tor')
 
-        mgr.apply_service = fake_apply
+        self.assertTrue(result['ok'], result)
+        self.assertIn('myapp', apply_calls)
+        cm._save_all_configs.assert_called()
+        self.assertEqual(cm.configs['egress_overrides'].get('myapp'), 'conn_tor')
+
+    def test_set_service_exit_default_clears_override(self):
+        manifest = _make_manifest(egress_default='conn_wg')
+        mgr, cm = _make_manager(
+            installed=_installed_with_manifest(manifest),
+            overrides={'myapp': 'conn_tor'},
+        )
+        mgr.apply_service = lambda sid: {'ok': True, 'exit_via': 'default'}
+
+        result = mgr.set_service_exit('myapp', 'default')
+
+        self.assertTrue(result['ok'])
+        self.assertEqual(cm.configs['egress_overrides'].get('myapp'), 'default')
+
+    def test_set_service_exit_unknown_connection_rejected(self):
+        manifest = _make_manifest(egress_default='default')
+        mgr, _ = _make_manager(installed=_installed_with_manifest(manifest))
+
+        result = mgr.set_service_exit('myapp', 'conn_ghost')
+
+        self.assertFalse(result['ok'])
+        self.assertIn('unknown connection', result['error'])
+
+    def test_set_service_exit_legacy_type_resolves_to_single_instance(self):
+        """Back-compat shim: a legacy type resolves to the one instance of it."""
+        manifest = _make_manifest(egress_default='default', allowed=['tor'])
+        mgr, cm = _make_manager(installed=_installed_with_manifest(manifest))
+        mgr.apply_service = lambda sid: {'ok': True}
 
         result = mgr.set_service_exit('myapp', 'tor')
 
         self.assertTrue(result['ok'], result)
-        # apply_service was called
-        self.assertIn('myapp', apply_calls)
-        # override was persisted
-        cm._save_all_configs.assert_called()
-        self.assertEqual(cm.configs['egress_overrides'].get('myapp'), 'tor')
+        self.assertEqual(cm.configs['egress_overrides'].get('myapp'), 'conn_tor')
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# 12. test_apply_all_iterates_installed_services
+# 12. apply_all iterates installed services
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 class TestApplyAll(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_apply_all_iterates_installed_services(self):
-        """apply_all must call apply_service for every service with a manifest."""
         manifests = {
-            'svc1': _make_manifest(egress_default='wireguard_ext'),
-            'svc2': _make_manifest(egress_default='openvpn'),
-            'svc3': _make_manifest(egress_default='tor'),
+            'svc1': _make_manifest(egress_default='conn_wg'),
+            'svc2': _make_manifest(egress_default='conn_ovpn'),
+            'svc3': _make_manifest(egress_default='conn_tor'),
         }
         installed = {
             sid: {'id': sid, 'manifest': m}
@@ -469,37 +510,57 @@ class TestApplyAll(unittest.TestCase):
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# 13. test_marks_do_not_collide_with_connectivity_manager
+# 13. service + peer on the same connection share the same mark
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-class TestMarksNoCollision(unittest.TestCase):
+class TestSharedMarkWithConnection(unittest.TestCase):
 
-    def test_marks_do_not_collide_with_connectivity_manager(self):
-        """EgressManager marks must be disjoint from ConnectivityManager marks."""
-        connectivity_marks = {0x10, 0x20, 0x30}
-        egress_mark_values = set(MARKS.values())
-        collision = connectivity_marks & egress_mark_values
-        self.assertEqual(
-            collision, set(),
-            f'Mark collision with ConnectivityManager: {collision}',
-        )
+    def test_service_uses_connection_mark_not_a_private_table(self):
+        """A service routed via a connection uses that connection's mark/table,
+        i.e. the SAME resources a peer on that connection would use."""
+        manifest = _make_manifest(egress_default='conn_wg')
+        mgr, _ = _make_manager(installed=_installed_with_manifest(manifest))
+
+        captured = {}
+
+        def fake_run(cmd, **kwargs):
+            if 'docker' in cmd and 'inspect' in cmd:
+                return _subprocess_ok(stdout='172.20.0.50\n')
+            if 'iptables-save' in cmd:
+                return _subprocess_ok(stdout='')
+            if 'iptables-restore' in cmd:
+                return _subprocess_ok()
+            if cmd[:3] == ['ip', 'rule', 'del']:
+                return _subprocess_fail()
+            if cmd[:3] == ['ip', 'rule', 'add']:
+                captured['ip_rule'] = ' '.join(cmd)
+            if 'MARK' in cmd:
+                captured['mark'] = ' '.join(cmd)
+            return _subprocess_ok()
+
+        with patch('subprocess.run', side_effect=fake_run):
+            mgr.apply_service('myapp')
+
+        # conn_wg has mark 0x1000 / table 1000 — both must appear, proving the
+        # service inherits the connection's shared routing resources.
+        self.assertIn('0x1000', captured.get('mark', ''))
+        self.assertIn('1000', captured.get('ip_rule', ''))
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# 14. test_apply_service_unknown_exit_in_allowed_rejected
+# 14. apply_service with an unknown connection id → error
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 class TestApplyServiceUnknownExit(unittest.TestCase):
 
-    def test_apply_service_unknown_exit_in_allowed_rejected(self):
-        """An egress.default value that is not a known EXIT_TYPE must return ok=False."""
+    def test_apply_service_unknown_connection_rejected(self):
         manifest = {
             'id': 'myapp',
             'container_name': 'cell-myapp',
             'has_egress': True,
             'egress': {
-                'default': 'internet_fast_lane',  # unknown exit
-                'allowed': ['internet_fast_lane'],
+                'default': 'conn_ghost',  # no such connection
+                'allowed': ['wireguard_ext'],
             },
         }
         mgr, _ = _make_manager(installed=_installed_with_manifest(manifest))
@@ -521,7 +582,7 @@ class TestApplyServiceUnknownExit(unittest.TestCase):
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Additional coverage: _has_egress edge cases
+# _has_egress edge cases
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 class TestHasEgressLogic(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -530,16 +591,15 @@ class TestHasEgressLogic(unittest.TestCase):
         self.mgr, _ = _make_manager()
 
     def test_has_egress_both_required(self):
-        """Both has_egress=True and non-empty egress dict required."""
-        m = {'has_egress': True, 'egress': {'default': 'tor', 'allowed': ['tor']}}
+        m = {'has_egress': True, 'egress': {'default': 'conn_tor', 'allowed': ['tor']}}
         self.assertTrue(self.mgr._has_egress(m))
 
     def test_has_egress_false_field(self):
-        m = {'has_egress': False, 'egress': {'default': 'tor', 'allowed': ['tor']}}
+        m = {'has_egress': False, 'egress': {'default': 'conn_tor', 'allowed': ['tor']}}
         self.assertFalse(self.mgr._has_egress(m))
 
     def test_has_egress_missing_has_egress_key(self):
-        m = {'egress': {'default': 'tor', 'allowed': ['tor']}}
+        m = {'egress': {'default': 'conn_tor', 'allowed': ['tor']}}
         self.assertFalse(self.mgr._has_egress(m))
 
     def test_has_egress_empty_egress_dict(self):
@@ -548,29 +608,41 @@ class TestHasEgressLogic(unittest.TestCase):
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Additional coverage: _resolve_exit
+# _resolve_exit (now returns connection ids)
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 class TestResolveExit(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_override_takes_precedence(self):
-        mgr, _ = _make_manager(overrides={'myapp': 'openvpn'})
-        manifest = _make_manifest(egress_default='wireguard_ext')
-        self.assertEqual(mgr._resolve_exit('myapp', manifest), 'openvpn')
+        mgr, _ = _make_manager(overrides={'myapp': 'conn_ovpn'})
+        manifest = _make_manifest(egress_default='conn_wg')
+        self.assertEqual(mgr._resolve_exit('myapp', manifest), 'conn_ovpn')
 
     def test_manifest_default_used_when_no_override(self):
         mgr, _ = _make_manager(overrides={})
-        manifest = _make_manifest(egress_default='tor')
-        self.assertEqual(mgr._resolve_exit('myapp', manifest), 'tor')
+        manifest = _make_manifest(egress_default='conn_tor')
+        self.assertEqual(mgr._resolve_exit('myapp', manifest), 'conn_tor')
 
     def test_fallback_to_default_when_no_egress_block(self):
         mgr, _ = _make_manager(overrides={})
         manifest = {'id': 'myapp'}
         self.assertEqual(mgr._resolve_exit('myapp', manifest), 'default')
 
+    def test_legacy_type_override_migrates_to_connection_id(self):
+        """An old override holding a type string resolves to the migrated id."""
+        mgr, _ = _make_manager(overrides={'myapp': 'wireguard_ext'})
+        manifest = _make_manifest(egress_default='default')
+        self.assertEqual(mgr._resolve_exit('myapp', manifest), 'conn_wg')
+
+    def test_legacy_type_default_with_no_instance_falls_back(self):
+        """A legacy type with no matching instance falls back to 'default'."""
+        mgr, _ = _make_manager(connections={})
+        manifest = _make_manifest(egress_default='tor')
+        self.assertEqual(mgr._resolve_exit('myapp', manifest), 'default')
+
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Additional: apply_service with missing manifest
+# apply_service with missing manifest
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 class TestApplyServiceMissingManifest(unittest.TestCase):
diff --git a/tests/test_peer_registry.py b/tests/test_peer_registry.py
index 09d87ec..a8f2c66 100644
--- a/tests/test_peer_registry.py
+++ b/tests/test_peer_registry.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import os
 import json
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock
 
 # Add api directory to path
 api_dir = Path(__file__).parent.parent / 'api'
@@ -107,35 +108,90 @@ class TestPeerRegistry(unittest.TestCase):
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             self.registry.set_route_via('nobody', 'exit-cell')
 
-    def test_set_peer_exit_via_valid(self):
+    def _connectivity_cm(self, connections):
+        """A mock config_manager exposing v2 connection records."""
+        cm = MagicMock()
+        cm.list_connections.return_value = connections
+        return cm
+
+    def test_set_peer_exit_via_valid_connection_id(self):
+        conns = [{'id': 'conn_wg', 'type': 'wireguard_ext'}]
+        self.registry.config_manager = self._connectivity_cm(conns)
         self.registry.add_peer({'peer': 'alice', 'ip': '10.0.0.5'})
-        result = self.registry.set_peer_exit_via('alice', 'wireguard_ext')
+        result = self.registry.set_peer_exit_via('alice', 'conn_wg')
         self.assertTrue(result)
-        peer = self.registry.get_peer('alice')
-        self.assertEqual(peer['exit_via'], 'wireguard_ext')
+        self.assertEqual(self.registry.get_peer('alice')['exit_via'], 'conn_wg')
 
-    def test_set_peer_exit_via_all_valid_types(self):
+    def test_set_peer_exit_via_default_always_valid(self):
+        self.registry.config_manager = self._connectivity_cm([])
         self.registry.add_peer({'peer': 'alice', 'ip': '10.0.0.5'})
-        for exit_type in ('default', 'wireguard_ext', 'openvpn', 'tor'):
-            result = self.registry.set_peer_exit_via('alice', exit_type)
-            self.assertTrue(result)
-            peer = self.registry.get_peer('alice')
-            self.assertEqual(peer['exit_via'], exit_type)
+        result = self.registry.set_peer_exit_via('alice', 'default')
+        self.assertTrue(result)
+        self.assertEqual(self.registry.get_peer('alice')['exit_via'], 'default')
 
-    def test_set_peer_exit_via_invalid_type_returns_false(self):
+    def test_set_peer_exit_via_legacy_type_resolves_to_instance(self):
+        """Back-compat shim: a legacy type resolves to the one instance of it."""
+        conns = [{'id': 'conn_tor', 'type': 'tor'}]
+        self.registry.config_manager = self._connectivity_cm(conns)
         self.registry.add_peer({'peer': 'alice', 'ip': '10.0.0.5'})
-        result = self.registry.set_peer_exit_via('alice', 'invalid_exit')
+        result = self.registry.set_peer_exit_via('alice', 'tor')
+        self.assertTrue(result)
+        self.assertEqual(self.registry.get_peer('alice')['exit_via'], 'conn_tor')
+
+    def test_set_peer_exit_via_unknown_id_returns_false(self):
+        self.registry.config_manager = self._connectivity_cm([])
+        self.registry.add_peer({'peer': 'alice', 'ip': '10.0.0.5'})
+        result = self.registry.set_peer_exit_via('alice', 'conn_ghost')
         self.assertFalse(result)
 
     def test_set_peer_exit_via_nonexistent_peer_returns_false(self):
+        self.registry.config_manager = self._connectivity_cm([])
         result = self.registry.set_peer_exit_via('nobody', 'default')
         self.assertFalse(result)
 
     def test_set_peer_exit_via_persists(self):
+        conns = [{'id': 'conn_tor', 'type': 'tor'}]
+        cm = self._connectivity_cm(conns)
+        self.registry.config_manager = cm
         self.registry.add_peer({'peer': 'alice', 'ip': '10.0.0.5'})
-        self.registry.set_peer_exit_via('alice', 'tor')
-        reloaded = PeerRegistry(data_dir=self.test_dir, config_dir=self.test_dir)
-        self.assertEqual(reloaded.get_peer('alice')['exit_via'], 'tor')
+        self.registry.set_peer_exit_via('alice', 'conn_tor')
+        reloaded = PeerRegistry(data_dir=self.test_dir, config_dir=self.test_dir,
+                                config_manager=cm)
+        self.assertEqual(reloaded.get_peer('alice')['exit_via'], 'conn_tor')
+
+    def test_exit_via_migration_legacy_type_to_id(self):
+        """On load, a legacy per-type exit_via becomes the migrated instance id."""
+        peers_file = os.path.join(self.test_dir, 'peers.json')
+        with open(peers_file, 'w') as f:
+            json.dump([{'peer': 'alice', 'ip': '10.0.0.5',
+                        'exit_via': 'wireguard_ext'}], f)
+        cm = self._connectivity_cm([{'id': 'conn_wg', 'type': 'wireguard_ext'}])
+        reg = PeerRegistry(data_dir=self.test_dir, config_dir=self.test_dir,
+                           config_manager=cm)
+        self.assertEqual(reg.get_peer('alice')['exit_via'], 'conn_wg')
+
+    def test_exit_via_migration_unknown_type_to_default(self):
+        """A legacy type with no migrated instance falls back to 'default'."""
+        peers_file = os.path.join(self.test_dir, 'peers.json')
+        with open(peers_file, 'w') as f:
+            json.dump([{'peer': 'alice', 'ip': '10.0.0.5',
+                        'exit_via': 'openvpn'}], f)
+        cm = self._connectivity_cm([])  # no instances
+        reg = PeerRegistry(data_dir=self.test_dir, config_dir=self.test_dir,
+                           config_manager=cm)
+        self.assertEqual(reg.get_peer('alice')['exit_via'], 'default')
+
+    def test_exit_via_migration_id_is_idempotent(self):
+        """An already-migrated id is left untouched and not re-migrated."""
+        peers_file = os.path.join(self.test_dir, 'peers.json')
+        with open(peers_file, 'w') as f:
+            json.dump([{'peer': 'alice', 'ip': '10.0.0.5',
+                        'exit_via': 'conn_wg'}], f)
+        cm = self._connectivity_cm([{'id': 'conn_wg', 'type': 'wireguard_ext'}])
+        reg = PeerRegistry(data_dir=self.test_dir, config_dir=self.test_dir,
+                           config_manager=cm)
+        self.assertEqual(reg.get_peer('alice')['exit_via'], 'conn_wg')
+        self.assertFalse(reg._migrate_exit_via_to_connection_id())
 
     def test_update_peer_updates_arbitrary_fields(self):
         self.registry.add_peer({'peer': 'alice', 'ip': '10.0.0.5'})
diff --git a/webui/src/services/api.js b/webui/src/services/api.js
index 5d5df47..dd2097e 100644
--- a/webui/src/services/api.js
+++ b/webui/src/services/api.js
@@ -360,8 +360,8 @@ export const setupAPI = {
 // Per-service Egress API
 export const egressAPI = {
   getStatus: () => api.get('/api/egress/status'),
-  setServiceExit: (serviceId, exitType) =>
-    api.put(`/api/egress/services/${serviceId}/exit`, { exit_type: exitType }),
+  setServiceExit: (serviceId, connectionId) =>
+    api.put(`/api/egress/services/${serviceId}/exit`, { connection_id: connectionId }),
 };
 
 // Connectivity / Exit Routing API
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ export const connectivityAPI = {
   configureProxy: (cfg) => api.post('/api/connectivity/exits/proxy', cfg),
   applyRoutes: () => api.post('/api/connectivity/exits/apply'),
   getPeerExits: () => api.get('/api/connectivity/peers'),
-  setPeerExit: (peer_name, exit_via) => api.put(`/api/connectivity/peers/${peer_name}/exit`, { exit_via }),
+  setPeerExit: (peer_name, connection_id) => api.put(`/api/connectivity/peers/${peer_name}/exit`, { connection_id }),
 };
 
 // Container Management API